ʻO ka "ʻehā mau aliʻi" o ka maʻi mutant COVID-19

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi honua o ka maʻi lei aliʻi hou ua hoʻopiʻi nui a me nā hopena i ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai honua, nā hoʻololi moʻomeheu a me nā ola o kēlā me kēia lā o ka poʻe a puni ka honua. A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻoiai ua pale maikaʻi ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ahulau honua. Eia naʻe, me ka mutation o kaCOVID-19, ua puka mai kekahi mau ʻāina i nā ʻano like ʻole e laha wikiwiki aʻe. I waena o lākou, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia nā ʻano ʻano coronavirus hou i hana ʻia ma United Kingdom, South Africa, Brazil, India, etc.

• Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Alpha ma ʻEnelani i Kepakemapa 2020 a ua hoʻoulu i nā hihia hoʻoilo, e hoʻihoʻi ana i ka United Kingdom i loko o ka laka ma Ianuali. Aia nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ma hope, ʻoi aku ma ʻEulopa. Wahi a ka World Health Organization, ua lilo ia i mea koʻikoʻi nui ma ʻAmelika i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ʻApelila, a ma Mei 25, ma kahi o 149 mau ʻāina i hōʻike i kēia maʻi.
• Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Beta ma ʻApelika Hema i ʻAukake 2020, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻi hou ʻana o nā hihia Covid-19, e hoʻopau ana i ka hema o ʻApelika. Ma Mei 25, ma kahi o 102 mau ʻāina i hōʻike i kēia kūlana.
• Ua ʻike mua ʻia ʻo Gamma ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Amazon o Manaus i Dekemaba 2020, e hoʻonui ana i nā hihia, e hōʻeha ana i ka ʻōnaehana olakino o Brazil a me ka nele o ka oxygen. Ma Mei 25, ma kahi o 59 mau ʻāina i hōʻike i kēia kūlana.
• Ua ʻike mua ʻia ʻo Delta ma India i ʻOkakopa 2020, a i ka hopena o Mei, ua loaʻa ka maʻi maʻi ma kahi o 54 mau ʻāina. Ua haʻi ka British Emergency Science Advisory Group i ka Mei 13 he 50% ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻouna ʻana ma mua o ka ʻano alpha.

Aia ka 2019-nCoV i ka beta genus o nā coronaviruses. ʻO ia kahi maʻi RNA i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka envelopp. He poepoe a elliptical paha nā ʻāpana a he 60-140nm ke anawaena. Loaʻa iā ia 5 mau genes koʻikoʻi, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i 4 mau pūmua kūkulu oNucleocapsid protein (N),Hoʻopili i ka protein (E),Membrane pūmua (M) aSpuʻupuʻuGlycoprotein (S), aHemagglutinin-esterasedimer (RdRp). ʻO kaNucleocapsid protein (N) hoʻopili i ka genome RNA e hana i kahi nucleocapsid paʻa. Hoʻopuni ʻia ka nucleocapsid e kahi envelop virus (E) no ka pale ʻana. Aia i loko o ka envelop virusMembrane pūmua (M) aSpuʻupuʻuGlycoprotein (S) Polokina like. I waena o lākou, hoʻohana ka coronavirus hou i ka protein spike surface e hoʻopaʻa i nā mea hoʻokipa cell, a laila hoʻouka i nā cell. ʻO Spike Glycoprotein kekahi mea koʻikoʻi no ka ʻōnaehana pale e ʻike i nā maʻi a hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou me nā antibodies. ʻO kēia mau ʻehā coronavirus mutant strains ma muli o ka mutation i kekahi mau pūnaewele koʻikoʻi o ka Spike Glycoprotein (S), e alakaʻi ana i nā loli koʻikoʻi i ka pili ʻana o nā kānana mutant me nā mea hoʻokipa cell a i ʻole me nā antibodies neutralizing. ʻO kēia ka mea i alakaʻi hou ai i kēia mau ʻehā mutant i lilo i mau ʻano nui e holo nei i kēia manawa.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā protein Alpha a me Beta mutant S penei:

ʻO ka hui i alakaʻi ʻia e Professor Chen Bing mai ke Kula Lapaʻau ʻo Harvard a me ka Halemai keiki ʻo Boston i hoʻopuka hou aku nei i kahi ʻano o nā hopena noiʻi ma ka puke moʻolelo hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe "Science", e hōʻike ana ua ʻike mua ʻia ma ka ʻano alpha. Hoʻololi ka amino acid i ka A570D a me S982A e kōkua i ka spike protein trimer e mālama i kāna ʻāpana hoʻopaʻa hoʻokipa ma kahi kūlana e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka mea loaʻa. I ka manawa like, hoʻonui ʻo N501Y i ka pili paʻa ʻana o ka domain hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka mea hoʻokipa ACE2. Manaʻo ka poʻe noiʻi e hiki i kēia mau hoʻololi ke ʻae i nā ʻano alpha e hoʻopili i nā ʻano cell i loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi o ka ACE2 receptors.

Hōʻike pū nā hualoaʻa noiʻi o ka hui i ka maʻi Beta, ka nui o ka S protein e mālama i ke ʻano o ka trimer G614 a ua aneane like ke kūpaʻa biochemical. N501Y, K417N a me E484K i RBD ʻaʻole i hoʻololi nui i ka hoʻololi ʻana, akā ʻo ka nalowale o nā alahaka paʻakai ma waena o K417 a me ACE2 Asp30 a me Glu484 a me ACE2 Lys31 i hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka piʻi ʻana o ka pilina pili i hāʻawi ʻia e N501Y. Hiki i ka K417N a me ka E484K ke hoʻolilo i nā antibodies e huli ana i ka epitope RBD-2 e nalowale i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka neutralization. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka NTD e hoʻololi hou i ka ʻili o ka antigen a hoʻemi nui i ka pono o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā antibodies e kū'ē i ka epitope NTD-1. Hiki ke koho ʻia nā ʻano ʻokoʻa Beta ma lalo o kekahi ʻano o ke kaomi immune

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka protein Gamma mutant S:

Ma kahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai ʻEpekema ma ʻApelila 14, 2021, ua alakaʻi kahi hui noiʻi honua i ka noiʻi a me ka nānā ʻana e pili ana i ka Gamma (P.1) mau ʻano coronavirus hou i ʻike ʻia ma Brazil. Hōʻike nā hopena i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi Gamma (P.1) he 17 mau hoʻololi ʻokoʻa amino acid, he 10 o ia mau mea i loko o ka protein spike, me nā ʻano ʻano hopohopo ʻekolu: N501Y, E484K, a me K417T. N501Y a me K417T pili me ke kanaka angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), aʻo E484K aia ma ka loop area ma waho o ke kanaka ACE2 interface. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo i kēia mau ʻano ʻekolu i loko o ka ʻano ʻokoʻa o ʻApelika Hema (Beta, B.1.351) i loaʻa i ka nānā nui, a aia ʻo N501Y i ka ʻano Pelekane (Alpha, B.1.1.7). No ka mea, ʻike lākou e hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ka maʻi virus i nā cell kanaka, i kekahi mau hihia, e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā antibodies.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka protein Delta mutant S:

ʻO kahi ʻatikala i paʻi ʻia ma ka platform bioRxiv ma Iune 17, 2021 i hoʻoholo i ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka mutation P681R i ka laina delta (B.1.617) ma o ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano delta (B.1.617). Ma o ka noiʻi hohonu, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka mutation o P681R i hāpai i ka furin-mediated cleavage o ka spike protein a me ka wikiwiki ʻana o ka cell-cell fusion. A e hoʻolaha i ka mutation P681 e hoʻonui ai i ka hiki o ka maʻi ke pakele i nā antibodies neutralizing.

E like me ka epidemiological a me ka etiological hiʻona o nā "ʻehā aliʻi" oCOVID-19 mutant strain, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka maʻi maʻi kūloko o ka maʻi maʻi i ke kūlana maʻamau o ka maʻi maʻi honua. ʻO ka pane ikaika ʻana i ke kulekele pale ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi honua a me ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi kano lei aliʻi hou e lilo i mea kaua ikaika e kūʻē i ka maʻi maʻi.

(Kumu ʻikepili: WHO)