"Plaub Vaj" ntawm COVID-19 mutant strain

Kev kis thoob ntiaj teb ntawm tus kabmob tshiab tshiab tau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj thiab cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, kev sib pauv kab lis kev cai thiab lub neej niaj hnub ntawm tib neeg thoob ntiaj teb. Txog rau tam sim no, txawm hais tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib kis thoob ntiaj teb tau raug tiv thaiv thiab tswj tau zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm covCOVID 19, qee lub tebchaws tau tshwm sim cov kab mob hloov pauv uas kis tau sai dua. Ntawm lawv, cov kab mob coronavirus tshiab uas tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws United Kingdom, South Africa, Brazil, Is Nrias teb, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem piav qhia tias yog "plaub huab tais" ntawm cov kab mob mutant.

• Alpha tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Askiv thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2020 thiab ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov rau lub caij ntuj no, ua rau lub tebchaws United Kingdom rov qab los rau hauv kev kaw thaum Lub Ib Hlis. Lwm lub tebchaws nyob ze tom qab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv Europe. Raws li Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb, nws tau dhau los ua tus kabmob tseem ceeb hauv Tebchaws Meskas thaum ntxov Lub Plaub Hlis, thiab txij li lub Tsib Hlis 25, tsawg kawg 149 lub tebchaws tau tshaj tawm tus kabmob no.
• Beta tshwm sim hauv South Africa thaum Lub Yim Hli 2020, ua rau rov qab los ntawm Covid-19 cov neeg mob, cheb sab qab teb Africa. Raws li lub Tsib Hlis 25, tsawg kawg 102 lub tebchaws tau tshaj tawm qhov xwm txheej no.
• Gamma tau pom thawj zaug hauv Amazon lub nroog Manaus thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2020, ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim, ua rau Brazil txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab ua rau tsis muaj oxygen. Raws li lub Tsib Hlis 25, tsawg kawg 59 lub tebchaws tau tshaj tawm qhov xwm txheej no.
• Delta tau pom thawj zaug hauv Is Nrias teb thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2020, thiab txog rau lub Tsib Hlis lig, tus kab mob no tau pom nyob hauv tsawg kawg 54 lub teb chaws. Pab Pawg Pabcuam Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Kub Ntxhov British tau hais rau lub Tsib Hlis 13 tias nws qhov kis tau tus mob yuav yog 50% siab dua li ntawm alpha variant.

2019-nCoV belongs to beta genus of coronaviruses. Nws yog ib leeg-stranded zoo-stranded kab mob RNA nrog ib lub hnab ntawv. Cov khoom yog puag ncig lossis elliptical thiab muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 60-140nm. Nws muaj 5 yam tseem ceeb noob, uas feem ntau encode 4 cov qauv proteins ntawmNucleocapsid protein (N),Npog cov protein (E),Membrane protein (M) thiabSpikeGlycoprotein (S), thiabHemagglutinin-esterasedimer (RdRp). CovNucleocapsid protein (N) qhwv RNA genome los tsim ib qho chaw ruaj khov nucleocapsid. Lub nucleocapsid yog ib puag ncig los ntawm lub hnab ntawv kab mob (E) rau kev tiv thaiv. Hauv lub hnab ntawv kab mob, muajMembrane protein (M) thiabSpikeGlycoprotein (S) Sib npaug protein. Ntawm lawv, tus kabmob tshiab no siv cov protein ntau ntawm cov kabmob los khi rau cov receptors ntawm tes, thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau cov hlwb. Spike Glycoprotein kuj yog ib qho qauv tseem ceeb rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom paub txog cov kab mob thiab ua rau lawv nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Plaub hom kab mob coronavirus tshiab no yog qhov tseeb vim tias muaj kev hloov pauv hauv qee qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm Spike Glycoprotein (S), uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob mutant nrog cov cell receptors lossis nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo. Qhov no ntxiv ua rau plaub hom mutant no dhau los ua hom kab mob tseem ceeb tam sim no.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Alpha thiab Beta mutant S proteins yog raws li nram no:

Pab neeg no coj los ntawm xibfwb Chen Bing los ntawm Harvard Medical School thiab Boston Children's Hospital tsis ntev los no tau tshaj tawm cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb hauv phau ntawv xov xwm kev kawm sab saum toj "Science", qhia tias nws tau pom thawj zaug hauv alpha variant. Cov amino acid hloov A570D thiab S982A pab lub pob txha caj qaum protein kom nws cov receptor binding domain nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm uas nws khi rau lub receptor. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, N501Y nce qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm receptor binding domain rau ACE2 receptor. Cov kws tshawb fawb kwv yees tias cov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem tso cai rau alpha variants kis rau cov cell hom uas muaj tsawg dua ACE2 receptors.

Pab pawg tshawb fawb cov txiaj ntsig tseem qhia tau tias nyob rau hauv tus kab mob Beta, S protein feem ntau khaws cov qauv ntawm G614 trimer thiab yuav luag tib yam biochemical stability. N501Y, K417N thiab E484K hauv RBD tsis ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv loj, tab sis kev poob ntawm cov ntsev txuas ntawm K417 thiab ACE2 Asp30 thiab Glu484 thiab ACE2 Lys31 txo qhov nce ntawm receptor affinity tau los ntawm N501Y. K417N thiab E484K tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsom rau RBD-2 epitope kom poob kev khi thiab nruab nrab. Cov kev hloov pauv nrog rau hauv NTD rov kho qhov chaw ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab txo cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv NTD-1 epitope. Beta variants zoo li yuav raug xaiv raws li qee qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob siab

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Gamma mutant S protein:

Hauv kev tshawb fawb luam tawm hauv phau ntawv Journal Science thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 14, 2021, ib pab neeg tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb tau tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb thiab tshuaj xyuas ntawm Gamma (P.1) cov kab mob coronavirus tshiab uas tshwm sim hauv Brazil. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias tus kab mob Gamma (P.1) muaj 17 qhov tshwj xeeb amino acid hloov pauv, 10 ntawm cov uas muaj nyob hauv cov protein ntau, suav nrog peb qhov kev txhawj xeeb tshaj plaws: N501Y, E484K, thiab K417T. N501Y thiab K417T cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg angiotensin-hloov enzyme 2 (ACE2), thaum E484K nyob rau hauv lub voj voog sab nraum tib neeg ACE2 interface. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias peb qhov sib txawv no kuj muaj nyob hauv South African variant (Beta, B.1.351) uas tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau, thiab N501Y muaj nyob rau hauv British variant (Alpha, B.1.1.7). Vim tias lawv zoo li ua rau tus kab mob sib txawv ua kom nruj dua rau tib neeg lub hlwb, qee zaum, los pab tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Delta mutant S protein:

Ib tsab xov xwm luam tawm ntawm bioRxiv platform thaum Lub Rau Hli 17, 2021 tau txiav txim siab tias P681R kev hloov pauv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv delta (B.1.617) kab los ntawm kev kawm ntawm delta (B.1.617) variants. Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb tob, nws tau pom tias kev hloov pauv ntawm P681R txhawb nqa furin-mediated cleavage ntawm spike protein thiab ceev cell-cell fusion. Thiab txhawm rau txhawb P681 kev hloov pauv los txhim kho tus kab mob lub peev xwm kom dim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.

Raws li tus kab mob kis thiab etiological yam ntxwv ntawm "plaub huab tais" ntawmCOVID 19 mutant strain, nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias qhov kev sib kis hauv cheeb tsam ntawm kev sib kis yuav yog lub xeev ib txwm muaj kev sib kis thoob ntiaj teb. Ua raws li txoj cai tiv thaiv kev sib kis thoob ntiaj teb thiab nrhiav kev dav dav thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshiab yuav dhau los ua peb cov riam phom muaj zog tiv thaiv kev sib kis.

(Cov ntaub ntawv Source: WHO)