Iwo "Madzimambo mana" eCCIDID-19 mutant strain

Denda repasi rose redenda idzva rekorona rakonzera kurasikirwa kukuru uye kukanganisa mukukura kwehupfumi hwenyika, kuchinjana kwetsika uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevanhu pasirese. Kusvika parizvino, kunyangwe kusimukira kwedenda repasi rose kwakadzivirirwa nekudzorwa zvine mutsindo. Nekudaro, nekuchinja kweiyoCOVID 19, dzimwe nyika dzakabuda dzakachinja-chinja dzinopararira nokukurumidza. Pakati pavo, iwo matsva ekoronavirus akasiyana akaitika kuUnited Kingdom, South Africa, Brazil, India, nezvimwewo anogona kutsanangurwa se "madzimambo mana" emutant strains.

• Alpha akaonekwa muEngland munaGunyana 2020 uye akakonzera kuvhiya kwezviitiko zvechando, zvichidzosa United Kingdom mukuvhara muna Ndira. Dzimwe nyika dziri kumashure zvakanyanya, kunyanya muEurope. Sekureva kweWorld Health Organisation, yakava dambudziko rakakura muUnited States kutanga kwaKubvumbi, uye kubva muna Chivabvu 25, nyika dzinosvika zana nemakumi mana nepfumbamwe dzakanga dzataura dambudziko iri.
• Beta yakaonekwa muSouth Africa muna Nyamavhuvhu 2020, zvichikonzera kudzoka kwenyaya dzeCovid-19, dzichitsvaira kumaodzanyemba kweAfrica. Kubva muna Chivabvu 25, dzinenge nyika zana nembiri dzakashuma mamiriro ezvinhu aya.
• Gamma yakatanga kuwanikwa muguta reAmazon reManaus muna Zvita 2020, zvichikonzera kuvhiya kwezviitiko, kunetsa hutano hweBrazil nekukonzera kushomeka kweokisijeni. Kubva muna Chivabvu 25, nyika dzinosvika makumi mashanu neshanu dzakashuma mamiriro ezvinhu aya.
• Delta yakatanga kuwanikwa muIndia muna Gumiguru 2020, uye pakupera kwaChivabvu, hutachiona hwakawanikwa munyika dzinosvika makumi mashanu neina. Boka reBritish Emergency Science Advisory Group rakataura muna Chivabvu 13 kuti huwandu hwayo hwekutapurirana hunogona kunge huri 50% yakakwirira kupfuura iyo yealpha musiyano.

Iyo 2019-nCoV ndeye beta genus yekoronaviruses. Ivhairasi yeRNA ine tambo imwe chete ine hamvuropu. Zvimedu zvacho zvakatenderera kana kuti elliptical uye zvine dhayamita 60-140nm. Iyo ine 5 akakosha majini, ayo akateedzana encode 4 mapuroteni echimiro cheNucleocapsid protein (N),Bvisa protein (E),Membrane protein (M) uyeSpikeGlycoprotein (S), uyeHemagglutinin-esterasedimer (RdRp). TheNucleocapsid protein (N) inoputira iyo RNA genome kuumba yakagadzikana nucleocapsid. Iyo nucleocapsid yakakomberedzwa nehamvuropu yehutachiona (E) yekudzivirira. Muhamvuropu yehutachiona, muneMembrane protein (M) uyeSpikeGlycoprotein (S) Mapuroteni akaenzana. Pakati pavo, iyo coronavirus nyowani inoshandisa iyo yepamusoro spike protein kusunga kune cell receptors, yobva yapinda mumasero. Spike Glycoprotein zvakare yakakosha chimiro kuti immune system ione mavhairasi uye nekuamisa nemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere. Aya mana matsva eiyo coronavirus mutant strains ari chaizvo nekuda kwekuchinja mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakosha dzeSpike Glycoprotein (S), izvo zvinotungamira kune shanduko huru mukubatana kweiyo mutant strains ne cell receptors kana neautolization antibodies. Izvi zvakazoita kuti aya mana mutant strains ave iwo makuru emhando ari kutenderera parizvino.

Hunhu hukuru hweAlpha neBeta mutant S mapuroteni ndeaya anotevera:

Chikwata chinotungamirwa naProfessor Chen Bing kubva kuHarvard Medical School neBoston Children's Hospital munguva pfupi yapfuura yakaburitsa tsvakiridzo yakatevedzana mumagazini yepamusoro yezvidzidzo "Sainzi", zvichiratidza kuti yakatanga kuwanikwa mumhando yealpha. Iyo amino acid inoshandura A570D uye S982A inobatsira iyo spike protein trimer kuchengetedza receptor yayo inosunga domain munzvimbo yainosunga kune receptor. Panguva imwecheteyo, N501Y inowedzera inosunga hukama hweiyo receptor inosunga domain kune iyo ACE2 receptor. Vatsvagiri vanofungidzira kuti shanduko idzi dzinogona kubvumira ma alpha akasiyana kutapurira marudzi emasero ane mashoma eACE2 receptors.

Mhedzisiro yetsvagiridzo yechikwata inoratidzawo kuti muhutachiona hweBeta, protein yeS inochengeta zvakanyanya chimiro cheG614 trimer uye ine inenge yakafanana biochemical kugadzikana. N501Y, K417N uye E484K muRBD haina kukonzera shanduko huru yezvimiro, asi kurasikirwa kwemabhiriji emunyu pakati peK417 neACE2 Asp30 uye Glu484 uye ACE2 Lys31 yakaderedza kuwedzera kwekugamuchira hukama kwakapihwa neN501Y. K417N uye E484K zvinogona kukonzera masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anonangana neRBD-2 epitope kurasikirwa nekusunga uye kusarerekera. Iko kunoenderana nekuchinja kweNTD kunogadzirisa zvakare pamusoro peantigen uye kunoderedza zvakanyanya kushanda kwekuita neutralizing masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anorwisa NTD-1 epitope. Beta akasiyana anogona kusarudzwa pasi peimwe dhigirii rekudzivirira kwekudzivirira

Izvo zvakakosha zveGamma mutant S protein:

Muchidzidzo chakaburitswa mujenari Sainzi muna Kubvumbi 14, 2021, timu yepasi rose yevaongorori yakaita tsvakiridzo ine chekuita nekuongorora paGamma (P.1) mitsva yekoronavirus yakaonekwa muBrazil. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti hutachiona hweGamma (P.1) hune 17 yakasiyana-siyana amino acid shanduko, gumi dziripo mu spike protein, kusanganisira zvitatu zvinonyanya kunetseka: N501Y, E484K, uye K417T. N501Y uye K417T inodyidzana neangiotensin-inoshandura enzyme 2 (ACE2), nepo E484K iri munzvimbo yechiuno kunze kweiyo ACE2 interface. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti izvi zvitatu zvakasiyana-siyana zviripowo muSouth Africa yakasiyana (Beta, B.1.351) yakagamuchira kutariswa kwakanyanya, uye N501Y iripo mumutauro weBritish (Alpha, B.1.1.7). Nekuti vanoita kunge vanoita kuti musiyano wehutachiona usungirire zvakanyanya kumasero emunhu, mune dzimwe nguva, kubatsira kunzvenga masoja ekudzivirira chirwere.

Izvo zvakakosha zveDelta mutant S protein:

Chinyorwa chakaburitswa papuratifomu yebioRxiv musi waChikumi 17, 2021 chakaratidza kuti shanduko yeP681R inochengetedzwa zvakanyanya mumutsara weDelta (B.1.617) kuburikidza neongororo yezvakasiyana zve delta (B.1.617). Kuburikidza nekutsvagisa kwakadzama, zvakaonekwa kuti shanduko yeP681R yakasimudzira furin-mediated cleavage ye spike protein uye yakamhanyisa cell-cell fusion. Uye kusimudzira shanduko yeP681 kusimudzira kugona kwehutachiona kutiza masoja ekudzivirira chirwere.

Maererano ne epidemiological uye etiological maitiro e "madzimambo mana" eCOVID 19 mutant strain, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti denda renzvimbo yedenda richava mamiriro akajairika edenda repasi rose. Kupindura zvine mutsindo kugwaro rekudzivirira denda repasi rose uye kutsvaga yakafaranuka uye inoshanda yekudzivirira korona itsva ichave chombo chedu chine simba kurwisa denda.

(Data source: WHO)